This article explores the assessment and therapeutic management of dry eye disease (DED) in primary eye care. It considers the multifactorial nature of DED and the importance of identifying individual disease drivers through comprehensive history taking and clinical examination. A personalised, stepwise approach to management is discussed, including lifestyle modification, ocular lubricants, lid hygiene, meibomian gland treatments, anti-inflammatory therapy and advanced interventions, alongside the importance of regular reassessment, patient education and adherence.

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